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Showing posts with label History. Show all posts
Showing posts with label History. Show all posts

Tuesday, November 1, 2022

Biography Of Abraham Lincoln

Biography Of Abraham Lincoln

 "The best way to know your future is to start building it"


introduction

Abraham Lincoln, the sixteenth president of the United States, was born on February 12, 1809 in Hudgenville, Kentucky, USA. Being the son of a poor family who is far from politics, he became the prime minister of the country twice in a row and succeeded in establishing democracy by eliminating the tradition of selling people.


early life

Abraham Lincoln was born into a poor family in rural America. His father used to support the family by doing carpentry and hunting. His mother was a housewife. Abraham's mother sent him and his sister to study after school started in a small wooden house in his village, where there were no schools. Mother encouraged Abraham to study and become a good person. When Abraham was 7 years old, his family moved to a river in Indiana. There were no schools. Therefore, he was forced to leave his studies as a child and work in the fields.

In 1818, an epidemic of famine and disease spread throughout the country. His mother died in that epidemic. After the death of their mother, their condition became more miserable. When Lincoln's father went hunting, he would stay with his sister in a secluded house by the river. He was only nine years old at that time. Being of a young age, he was taking care of and protecting his sister. After some time, the house became orderly and loving again with the arrival of another mother of Lincoln.

When Lincoln was 11 years old, a school opened near home. He started going to school only with the efforts of his stepmother. Due to poverty, he had to work in the fields and could not always go to school. He did not study for a whole year in school, but he used to read books voraciously. He used to travel far and wide to find and return books. He worked in the fields all day and read by the light of the fire at night. He used to write in a circle on a wooden sable and when he was full of writing, he would erase on one side and start writing there again. When Abraham was 19 years old, his family moved to New Orleans by way of the Mississippi River. There he first learned about the Kamara custom in America. He felt very sad when he saw people being sold.




political journey

At the age of twenty-two, when Abraham worked as a clerk in a store, he began to put his arguments and ideas before people. Due to his personality and the arguments he made regarding the governance, everyone started advising him to become a member of the state legislative assembly.

Abraham joined politics at the age of 25. In 1834, he was elected to the Illinois State Legislature. He was elected to the Legislative Assembly 3 times. Interested in reading books, he also got permission to practice law. At the age of 37, he was elected as a member of the lower house of parliament. Taking advantage of that position, he widely opposed the Kamara system there. He started to convince all the people against the Kamara system. He lost the election in 1858, but gained fame for his arguments against the Kamara system.


success

Lincoln became the sixteenth president of the United States for the first time in 1860 when the country was in a state of great turmoil. As America was divided due to mutual differences, the Kamara system increased. This made Lincoln sad. However, without giving up, he persisted with the aim of uniting the country and eliminating the slave system. In 1863, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation to all slaves. His statement of 1863, "For the people, by the people, the government of the people will never perish from the earth", became famous in history.

Despite various accusations, he became president for the second time in 1864. Lincoln succeeded in establishing peace in 1865, which led to cheers and cheers across the country. He was known as a political hero even in the 1970s. His history of colonialism and nationalism is not only respected and appreciated at present. On the fifth day after the establishment of peace, he was shot by a man named John Wilkes Booth while he was celebrating by watching a dance. He died on April 15, 1865 shortly after being shot. The world has lost a democratic leader.


Life is a struggle, and success is the reward of that struggle. Patience, determination and perseverance climb the steps of the ladder of success. While climbing the ladder, if you slip and fall down or if you are unable to climb up, you should muster courage and try to raise your feet.


"I walk slowly but never backward" - Abraham Lincoln


Steps can become difficult when others do not believe in you. What happened if others did not believe? You know yourself better than they do, you know your goals. Believe in yourself. Confidence is the only thing that gives you the courage to take your hard-earned steps. That is why we are still reading the letters written in the name of Abraham Lincoln and future generations will also read them.

Biography of King Prithvi Narayan Shah

Biography of King Prithvi Narayan Shah

 " My small sorrows are not the country of Arzya

Char varna is a flower garden of 36 species 

Everyone is aware.




introduction



Prithvi Narayan Shah was a Shahbanshi king. He was born on the 27th of Pusha 1779. He is known as the nation-builder of modern Nepal who created a single country by gathering together the 20 and 40 states of Nepal divided into small states. Because of this, National Unity Day is celebrated in Nepal on the 27th of Push in his memory.


early life

Prithvi Narayan Shah was born as the son of King Narbhupal Shah and Queen Kauslyavati of Gorkha, a small hill kingdom within Nepal. Since his childhood, he was very brave, brave, intelligent and hardworking, he was also perfect in archery, sword, horse racing etc. He was given the knowledge of Ramayana, Mahabharata and later Sukraneeti.


state visit

Prithvi Narayan Shah, who had a diplomatic mind, had already observed the situation in Gorkha and Kathmandu when he was growing up, and it is said that he had a desire to conquer Kathmandu even then. V.No. After the death of King Narbhupal Shah in 1799, Prithvi Narayan became the king of Gorkha at the tender age of 20 years. V.No. In 1800, at the age of 21, Prithvi Narayan Shah started the unification journey.


Prithvi Narayan Shah first attacked Nuwakot but was defeated. He again attacked Nuwakot in 1801 with more than 1000 troops under the leadership of Kalu Pande. Then Gorkha kingdom won over Nuwakot kingdom. After Nuwakot he won at Belkot. Buoyed by the victory, the Gorkhalis occupied Lamidanda. The Gorkhalis wanted to occupy Lamidanda by Tanahun. B.S. In 1812, Gorkhali soldiers had to fight with the combined forces of Lamjung and Tanahun. In that war, the Gorkhas had to suffer a great loss of life and wealth. However, due to the occupation of Naldum, Dahchok, Mahadev Pokhari, Siranchok as well as Kulekhani, Ipa, Malta etc., the Gorkha border reached Makwanpur.


The Gorkhali army which is expanding the borders of Gorkha B.S. In 1816 he conquered Shivpuri and Kavre. B.S. In the month of Bhadra in 1819, Bansharajpade and Keharsingh attacked Makwanpur with a large number of soldiers sent along with Mohddamkirti Shah, Dalmardan Shah, Shurpratap Shah, Nandu Shah, Daljit Shah. There was a battle for 10 hours and finally Digvandhana Sen surrendered his soul.


B.S. In 1814, Prithvi Narayan Shah attacked Kirtipur for the first time. During the 6-hour battle, many Gorkhalis achieved heroism. Prithvi Narayan Shah, who was captured at Kirtipur, survived only because of the moral code of non-execution. Then in the month of Bhadra in 1821, Prithvi Narayan Shah attacked Kirtipur again, but the people of Kirtipur did not give the Gorkhali soldiers a chance to enter Kirtipur by breaking the Gopur fort. After the second attempt also failed, Gorkhali army for the third time V.S. In 1822 again attacked Kirtipur and achieved success.


Jayaprakash Malla, thinking that the Gorkhali's first attack would be in Kantipur, asked the British for military and arms support. To help King Jayaprakash Malla, V.S. In 1823, under the leadership of Kinlock, 2,400 soldiers marched through Sindhuligarhi in eastern Nepal towards Kathmandu. As Prithvi Narayan Shah was already informed about this, he attacked with full preparation and the British soldiers fled. Prithvi Narayan Shah B.S. On 13th Ashwin 1825, around the time of Indra Jatra, Naradevi, Tudikhel and Bhimsensthan attacked from 3 sides and conquered Kantipur. B.S. After the defeat in the war on November 1, 1826, the king of Bhaktapur, Ranjit Malla, surrendered and the Gorkhas also captured Bhaktapur.


As Makwanpur was a powerful state at that time, Prithvi Narayan Shah's B.S. Married in 1794. However, later Hemkarna Sen expressed his inability. His second marriage was to Narendra Lakshmi, daughter of Abhiman Singh Rajput of Kashi. His second marriage was to Narendra Lakshmi, daughter of Abhiman Singh Rajput of Kashi. Pratap Singh Shah and Bahadur Shah were born to Narendra Lakshmi.


V.No. 1831 (S.N. 1774) In the middle of November, Prithvi Narayan Shah, who had gone to Nuwakot to escape the winter, fell ill in the Nuwakot palace. As his health got worse and worse, he was taken to Devighat there as per his wish. She remained at the ghat for nine days and died at seven o'clock in the morning on the 27th of December. While stationed at the ghat, he gave sermons regarding Nepal's geopolitical situation, social life, defense and development, which are also known as 'divine sermons'.


success

Prithvi Narayan Shah started the great journey of unification of Nepal and merged many places into the nation of Nepal and created flower gardens of four varnas and thirty-six castes. As a result, he was called the creator of the nation and his birthday was celebrated as Ekta Diwas. Historians see the purpose of Prithvinarayan as the demand of the age.


A person's maturity, courage, self-strength is not in his age, but in his thoughts. A person who has a big goal cannot achieve success all at once. Even if he is defeated, he takes the field again and again and leaves victorious.

Thursday, February 17, 2022

Picture of Queen Krishna Kumari

 Picture of Queen Krishna Kumari




 This picture is of Rani Krishna Kumari, the second wife of Rana Prime Minister Dev Shamsher. Although not very valuable, this picture is currently in the collection of Alkaji Foundation, a world-renowned art collector. 


After leaving India, Devashamsher moved to Fairlawn Palace, Mussoorie. That was also his ascension. About 800 pictures in the collection of Bhuvan Kumari, daughter of Krishna Kumari and Devashamsher, were staying in her old house in Dehradun. For a long time, it remained a useless item in the store room for his great-grandchildren. Once they even prepared to burn it. But he could not burn it that time.


Suddenly, one day Bhuvan Kumari's great-granddaughter Isha Singh Shahani met Aditya Arya of India Photo Archive Foundation. They showed him the pictures that he had planned to burn at home. He revived all those pictures with modern computer system. Also named Bhuvan Kumari Devi Archive.  


About 80 pictures were exhibited in Delhi two years ago. The exhibition "In Exile" did not only revive those pictures. Once again, Rana, who lost his kingdom after being kicked out by his own brother, became the prime minister of a true state and a devotee of the people, generous and a desire for social uplift. The news became the main page of every Indian newspaper. History was discussed and stories of Devshamsher's contribution were written. Those articles and photo exhibition made every descendant of Devashamsher proud of their ancestors. Those who knew knew, those who didn't knew also knew.


A family portrait of your father or grandfather may be very important to you. But in the time of your grandson or great-grandson, something useless may happen. For the new generation who are obsessed with new decorations, this picture becomes irrelevant. Even if it stays in the store for some time, it can be sold to the hoarder or burned. In some of our homes, similar historical pictures may be found in the corner of the storage room. If you make those pictures available to me on time and keep them digitally safe, they can be a priceless gift for future generations.

Thanks Sunil ulak 

Monday, February 14, 2022

The story of a Takma

The story of a Takma

At a glance, it seems that this takma belongs to a Muslim ruler

 A story of a kind

At a glance, it seems that this takma belongs to a Muslim ruler. Only Urdu language has been used in it. Nothing is written in any other language. But on one side there is a picture of King Surendra . So we can easily assume that there is a relationship of this kind with Nepal. There is a very interesting story as to why and to whom a Hindu king of a Hindu nation gave Takma written only in Urdu.
Finally, let's go to what is written in Urdu language in this category. The Nepali translation of Urdu written in it is like this.
(Dedicated) On the orders of Sri Maharajadhiraja Surendra Vikram Shah Bahadur and Sri Jung Bahadur Rana Maharaja, the Khalsa soldiers of Jammu who had been in Tibetan captivity for 15 years were freed in the war with Bhot in Samvat 1912 (1855-56). "
What this shows is that during the reign of Jung Bahadur, he did important work not only for Nepal and the Nepali people but also for the soldiers of Jammu who were imprisoned. 56 Khalsa soldiers who had been imprisoned under the Tibetan army for about 15 years were released. Each of those 56 soldiers was given this title to remind them of their revival. It has not been investigated who the 56 soldiers were or where they are. But some titles received by those soldiers have been found.
There was once a Dogra kingdom in present day Himachal Pradesh of India. Bishal was the king of Jammu and Kashmir state, Gulaw Singh. With the dream of Gulawsingh's kingdom expansion, he was sent to attack Bhot in 1841 under the leadership of General Zorawar Singh, who was the governor of Ladakh. But the battle for votes was not easy. Zorawar Singh was killed in the war. Some of the soldiers who went to war were killed and some were taken to Lhasa as prisoners of war. Among these prisoners of war, 34 wanted to stay in South Tibet, while 106 prisoners of war were handed over to the government of Nepal after the end of the Nepal Bhot war during the time of Jung Bahadur. After only 56 out of 106 prisoners of war who reached Nepal expressed their desire to return to Jammu, King Surendra and Shri 3 Janga Bahadur bid farewell wearing this title.
Nepal Bhutan War
B.S. Towards the end of July 1909, Janga Bahadur sent a delegation to China under the leadership of Lieutenant Bhimsen Kunwar. For almost 2 years, Jung did not get any information about the team that went to Peking with the intention of strengthening China-Nepal relations and wishing the new emperor Hong Xiaoquin a successful tenure. When the team, which was supposed to return in 8 months, was worried, suddenly only the leader of the team, Bhimsen Kunwar, returned. According to his information, the Tibetans robbed the goods and killed other members on the way. With the information that he was allowed to return alive because he had a message from the emperor of China in his hand, he also informed that the Nepalis who were voting were robbed and killed in the same way.
In this way, Jung, who heard that the Nepalis who were present at the polls were being brutalized along with the killing and looting of his delegation, immediately prepared to attack the polls. Jung had recruited 14,000 infantry and 1,200 cavalry for war. Also, 80 12-pounder guns, 24 6-pounder guns, as well as mortar and howitzer guns were ordered to be dropped in Kathmandu itself. Kaligarhs were kept ready to prepare the necessary war materials for war including ammunition. As it is extremely cold in Bhota, thousands of Bakkhu, Docha and Bhote hats were also made for the winter. In addition to this, he asked the landlords of Terai to arrange for the necessary ration water for the army and other allies.
B.S. On February 14, 1911, a delegation of Bhot arrived in Kathmandu to participate in the wedding ceremony of Janga Bahadur's son Jitjung with Raja Surendra's daughter Narendralakshmi. On this occasion, Janga Bahadur led a military parade to show the voting delegation. In which 28,000 foot soldiers wearing plain clothes, 1,600 cavalry soldiers, 60 12-pounder guns, 35 6-pounder guns, hundreds of mortar guns and howitzer guns were displayed. In front of the representative of Bhot, Jang informed that he is ready to conclude a treaty to stop the war if he pays one million Nepalese rupees as compensation for the expenses incurred in preparing for the war and the looting during the vote. Otherwise war will start and he also warned to be prepared. But after the delegation informed that only 5 lakhs could be given equal to the looted assessment in the vote, Jung declared war.
B.S. On February 24, 1911, Janga Bahadur addressed the military commanders in Thapathali. He said with passion in front of the soldiers, "You are brave soldiers. Bhote insulted us. He underestimated our power. He looted the wealth of our countrymen and even killed some of them. If this dishonor of ours is right, they will dare to do more atrocities. So how much power is there in our countrymen as well?" I am sending you to war to make him understand that and to take revenge on him for disrespecting our country." Saying that, he left for the war with great enthusiasm.
After the loss of votes and a big loss in almost a year-long battle, B.S. In December 1912, a delegation of votes arrived in Kathmandu with a proposal for a treaty. About 3,500 officers and soldiers died in the one-year-long Nepal Vote War. About 7,000 soldiers died on the Bhote side. When a proposal for a treaty came from the Bhot side and the budget of the Nepalese government was beginning to shrink due to the war, Janga Bahadur was also determined to be ready to conclude a treaty with a suitable proposal.
Finally, after a long discussion, B.S. The treaty between the two countries came to an end on 13th Chaitra 1912. According to the treaty, Bhot will provide ten thousand rupees annually, no tax will be taken from any Nepali businessmen doing business in Bhot, no war between countries and if a third country comes to attack anyone, they will help each other, Sikh soldiers who are imprisoned in Bhot, and Nepali soldiers as well. Return Nepali hats and other bullets belonging to his family and votes. Also send back the Bhot soldiers held by the Nepalese army. To be a representative of the Government of Nepal in Lhasa. In Lhasa, Nepali people will be allowed to do whatever business they want. In case of looting of Nepalis who are voting, payment will be made from voters. If the Nepalese rob the Bhote businessmen, they will take the money from the Nepalese.
This treaty is known as Thapathali Treaty. After this treaty, the Bhot government provided 233,000 Nepalese rupees as compensation to Nepal. In addition, according to this treaty, 10,000 rupees annually by the Nepal government for 100 years B.S. It was still available till 2012.
This treaty was signed by Mr. 3 Janga Bahadur on behalf of Nepal, while Chen Mer Dr. Wang signed it as the representative of the Lama of Potala Darwar as the 11th Dalai Lama of Potala Darwar passed away but a new Dalai Lama could not be appointed.
In this way, Janga Bahadur took revenge for the injustice and tyranny done to the Nepalese in the vote. Later B.Sc. During Ranodweep in 1940, preparations were made to fight against the injustice of voting.
Although the takma shown in the picture was distributed among 56 Dogra war captives, only 2 of them have been found so far. This piece of silver is 42 mm round and weighs about 25 grams. A few years ago this model was put up for sale for £9,000.
sunil ulak

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